Engineering Mechanics MCQs – Strength of Materials for EC/Mech/Electrical
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Looking to master Engineering Mechanics and Strength of Materials for competitive exams or university tests? Explore our comprehensive collection of MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) specially designed for Mechanical, Electrical, and Electronics & Communication (EC) Engineering students. This practice set covers key topics like stress and strain, bending moments, torsion, shear force, and material properties – all tailored to help you strengthen your concepts and ace your exams.
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Engineering Mechanics MCQs – Strength of Materials for EC/Mech/Electrical
Top Multiple Choice Questions on Strength of Materials
1. What is the unit of stress in the SI system?
A) Pascal
B) Newton
C) Meter
D) Joule
Answer: A) Pascal
2. Which of the following materials obey Hooke’s law within elastic limit?
A) Rubber
B) Mild Steel
C) Plastic
D) Copper
Answer: B) Mild Steel
3. In a cantilever beam, where does the maximum bending moment occur?
A) At the free end
B) At the fixed support
C) At the mid-span
D) Uniform throughout
Answer: B) At the fixed support
4. The moment of inertia of a circular section about its diameter is given by:
A) πr⁴/4
B) πd⁴/64
C) πd²/8
D) πd³/16
Answer: B) πd⁴/64
5. Which factor does not affect the strength of a material?
A) Temperature
B) Surface roughness
C) Shape of specimen
D) Color of material
Answer: D) Color of material
6. What type of stress is induced in a bar under axial tension?
A) Shear stress
B) Compressive stress
C) Tensile stress
D) Bending stress
Answer: C) Tensile stress
7. Poisson’s ratio is the ratio of:
A) Lateral strain to axial strain
B) Axial strain to lateral strain
C) Stress to strain
D) Shear strain to tensile strain
Answer: A) Lateral strain to axial strain
8. The term “modulus of rigidity” refers to:
A) Ratio of stress to lateral strain
B) Ratio of shear stress to shear strain
C) Ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain
D) Ratio of compressive stress to compressive strain
Answer: B) Ratio of shear stress to shear strain
9. A simply supported beam loaded at its center experiences:
A) Uniform bending moment
B) Maximum bending moment at the supports
C) Maximum bending moment at the center
D) Zero bending moment throughout
Answer: C) Maximum bending moment at the center
10. Which property defines the ability of a material to absorb energy up to fracture?
A) Toughness
B) Hardness
C) Ductility
D) Elasticity
Answer: A) Toughness
11. Which among the following is the most elastic material?
A) Rubber
B) Steel
C) Copper
D) Glass
Answer: B) Steel
Explanation: Steel regains its shape more efficiently than others within the elastic limit, hence it's more elastic.
12. A body returns to its original shape when the deforming force is removed. This property is known as:
A) Plasticity
B) Elasticity
C) Ductility
D) Toughness
Answer: B) Elasticity
13. The deformation per unit length is known as:
A) Stress
B) Strain
C) Shear
D) Modulus
Answer: B) Strain
14. The SI unit of Young’s modulus is:
A) N/m
B) N/m²
C) N·m
D) m/N
Answer: B) N/m²
15. What is the ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus in isotropic materials?
A) Equal to 1
B) Equal to 2
C) Depends on Poisson’s ratio
D) Independent of material properties
Answer: C) Depends on Poisson’s ratio
16. What happens to a ductile material during tensile testing beyond yield point?
A) Fractures suddenly
B) Returns to original shape
C) Undergoes plastic deformation
D) Increases elasticity
Answer: C) Undergoes plastic deformation
17. Which test is used to measure hardness?
A) Izod test
B) Brinell test
C) Creep test
D) Tension test
Answer: B) Brinell test
18. Which of the following increases the moment of inertia of a beam?
A) Reducing the length
B) Increasing cross-sectional area
C) Using lighter material
D) Reducing the height
Answer: B) Increasing cross-sectional area
19. A material that shows both elastic and viscous behavior is called:
A) Plastic
B) Elastic
C) Viscoelastic
D) Hyperelastic
Answer: C) Viscoelastic
20. The slenderness ratio is important in the analysis of:
A) Beams under shear
B) Plates under load
C) Columns under compression
D) Rigid bodies
Answer: C) Columns under compression
21. What is the relationship between load (P), stress (σ), and area (A)?
A) σ = A/P
B) σ = P × A
C) σ = P/A
D) σ = P + A
Answer: C) σ = P/A
22. In which type of loading does torsional stress occur?
A) Axial loading
B) Transverse loading
C) Twisting
D) Bending
Answer: C) Twisting
23. The point on the stress-strain curve after which plastic deformation starts is known as:
A) Ultimate point
B) Elastic limit
C) Yield point
D) Breaking point
Answer: C) Yield point
24. For a simply supported beam, the shear force is maximum at:
A) The mid-span
B) The supports
C) A point of zero bending
D) Neutral axis
Answer: B) The supports
25. Which one of the following is not a mechanical property of material?
A) Ductility
B) Malleability
C) Conductivity
D) Hardness
Answer: C) Conductivity
26. Which type of stress acts tangentially to the surface?
A) Tensile stress
B) Compressive stress
C) Shear stress
D) Thermal stress
Answer: C) Shear stress
27. What is the main cause of buckling in a column?
A) Bending moment
B) Axial compressive load
C) Torsion
D) Shear force
Answer: B) Axial compressive load
28. The bending stress in a beam is directly proportional to:
A) The beam’s length
B) The shear force
C) The distance from the neutral axis
D) The weight of the beam
Answer: C) The distance from the neutral axis
29. A beam resists:
A) Axial loads only
B) Shear loads only
C) Bending moments and shear forces
D) Torsional loads
Answer: C) Bending moments and shear forces
30. The neutral axis in a bending beam is the line where:
A) Stress is maximum
B) Stress is zero
C) Strain is maximum
D) Shear force is maximum
Answer: B) Stress is zero
31. The strain energy stored in a body due to external loading is known as:
A) Potential energy
B) Elastic energy
C) Resilience
D) Modulus of elasticity
Answer: C) Resilience
32. Which of the following is true for brittle materials?
A) High ductility
B) High toughness
C) Low compressive strength
D) Low strain before failure
Answer: D) Low strain before failure
33. In torsion of circular shafts, the shear stress is:
A) Zero at the outer surface
B) Maximum at the center
C) Maximum at the outer surface
D) Uniform throughout
Answer: C) Maximum at the outer surface
34. The factor of safety is defined as:
A) Yield stress / Working stress
B) Working stress / Yield stress
C) Load / Area
D) Stress / Strain
Answer: A) Yield stress / Working stress
35. What is the nature of the stress on the plane of maximum shear stress?
A) Tensile
B) Compressive
C) Pure shear
D) Zero
Answer: C) Pure shear
36. A ductile material is preferable in design because it:
A) Can withstand very high temperature
B) Has high electrical resistance
C) Shows visible signs before failure
D) Requires less material
Answer: C) Shows visible signs before failure
37. In a stress-strain diagram, the area under the curve up to the fracture point represents:
A) Modulus of rigidity
B) Total strain
C) Total energy absorbed
D) Yield stress
Answer: C) Total energy absorbed
38. The modulus of elasticity for a material is determined by:
A) Slope of stress-strain curve in plastic region
B) Slope of stress-strain curve in elastic region
C) Area under stress-strain curve
D) Yield point value
Answer: B) Slope of stress-strain curve in elastic region
39. Which of the following tests is used to determine ductility?
A) Compression test
B) Torsion test
C) Impact test
D) Tensile test
Answer: D) Tensile test
40. What happens at the elastic limit of a material?
A) Material fractures
B) Material deforms permanently
C) Material begins to melt
D) Material experiences uniform stress
Answer: B) Material deforms permanently
41. Which of the following is not a type of strain?
A) Lateral strain
B) Volumetric strain
C) Compressive strain
D) Surface strain
Answer: D) Surface strain
42. The product of mass moment of inertia and angular acceleration gives:
A) Torque
B) Angular velocity
C) Moment
D) Linear force
Answer: A) Torque
43. In bending of beams, the top fibers are in:
A) Shear
B) Compression
C) Tension
D) Torsion
Answer: B) Compression
44. A beam with both ends fixed is known as:
A) Cantilever beam
B) Simply supported beam
C) Fixed beam
D) Overhanging beam
Answer: C) Fixed beam
45. What is the core concept behind Mohr’s Circle?
A) Centroid location
B) Stress transformation
C) Bending moment
D) Load distribution
Answer: B) Stress transformation
46. The polar moment of inertia is used in:
A) Axial loading
B) Bending analysis
C) Torsional analysis
D) Compressive strength
Answer: C) Torsional analysis
47. If a material has high toughness, it means:
A) It is very elastic
B) It resists temperature
C) It can absorb a large amount of energy before fracture
D) It cannot deform
Answer: C) It can absorb a large amount of energy before fracture
48. Which one of the following is dimensionless?
A) Stress
B) Strain
C) Force
D) Modulus of elasticity
Answer: B) Strain
49. The unit of modulus of rigidity (G) in SI is:
A) N
B) N/m
C) N/m²
D) N·m
Answer: C) N/m²
50. Which material property describes the ability to be drawn into wires?
A) Ductility
B) Malleability
C) Elasticity
D) Toughness
Answer: A) Ductility
51. What is the main cause of shear stress in a beam?
A) Bending moment
B) Axial load
C) Transverse load
D) Torsional moment
Answer: C) Transverse load
52. The stress remaining in a material after unloading is called:
A) Elastic stress
B) Residual stress
C) Working stress
D) Ultimate stress
Answer: B) Residual stress
53. Euler’s formula is used for calculating:
A) Deflection in a beam
B) Bending stress
C) Buckling load for columns
D) Torsional stress
Answer: C) Buckling load for columns
54. The rank of a beam is determined by:
A) Number of supports
B) Number of redundancies
C) Number of unknown reactions
D) Moment of inertia
Answer: C) Number of unknown reactions
55. The slope of the shear force diagram at any section of a beam is equal to:
A) Load intensity
B) Bending moment
C) Shear stress
D) Area of bending moment diagram
Answer: A) Load intensity
56. In a circular shaft under torsion, which point experiences zero shear stress?
A) Outer surface
B) Center
C) Mid-radius
D) At both ends
Answer: B) Center
57. In a beam subjected to uniform distributed load (UDL), the shear force diagram is:
A) Linear
B) Parabolic
C) Constant
D) Cubic
Answer: A) Linear
58. The maximum shear stress in a rectangular cross-section occurs at:
A) Center
B) Top fiber
C) Bottom fiber
D) Neutral axis
Answer: D) Neutral axis
59. What is the area moment of inertia used for in beam analysis?
A) Torsional stress
B) Shear stress
C) Bending stress
D) Axial force
Answer: C) Bending stress
60. The deflection in a simply supported beam is maximum at:
A) The support
B) Mid-span
C) Quarter span
D) Anywhere
Answer: B) Mid-span
61. The shear stress distribution in a rectangular cross-section is:
A) Triangular
B) Uniform
C) Parabolic
D) Circular
Answer: C) Parabolic
62. In strength of materials, the term “creep” refers to:
A) Sudden failure
B) Gradual deformation under constant load
C) Crack formation
D) Yielding at high strain
Answer: B) Gradual deformation under constant load
63. The beam that extends beyond its support is called a:
A) Cantilever
B) Simply supported beam
C) Fixed beam
D) Overhanging beam
Answer: D) Overhanging beam
64. In a simply supported beam with a point load at center, the maximum deflection occurs at:
A) Quarter span
B) Mid-span
C) Supports
D) Ends
Answer: B) Mid-span
65. What is the function of the neutral axis in a bending beam?
A) Line of maximum stress
B) Line of zero shear
C) Line of zero stress
D) Center of gravity
Answer: C) Line of zero stress
66. Which of the following is not used in determining bending stress?
A) Moment of inertia
B) Bending moment
C) Modulus of elasticity
D) Distance from the neutral axis
Answer: C) Modulus of elasticity
67. The stiffness of a beam is increased by increasing its:
A) Length
B) Mass
C) Moment of inertia
D) Cross-sectional perimeter
Answer: C) Moment of inertia
68. Which law states that stress is directly proportional to strain within elastic limit?
A) Newton’s Law
B) Pascal’s Law
C) Hooke’s Law
D) Euler’s Law
Answer: C) Hooke’s Law
69. What is the primary reason for stress concentration?
A) Material density
B) Sudden change in cross-section
C) Temperature variation
D) Fatigue loading
Answer: B) Sudden change in cross-section
70. The property that allows metals to be rolled into sheets is:
A) Ductility
B) Elasticity
C) Toughness
D) Malleability
Answer: D) Malleability
71. Which of the following assumptions is made in the theory of pure bending?
A) Material is inelastic
B) Cross-sections do not remain plane
C) The beam is made of non-homogeneous material
D) The material is homogeneous and isotropic
Answer: D) The material is homogeneous and isotropic
72. The maximum deflection in a cantilever beam with a point load at the free end occurs at:
A) The support
B) At the load
C) At mid-length
D) Uniformly throughout
Answer: B) At the load
73. The unit of strain energy is:
A) Newton
B) Pascal
C) Joule
D) Watt
Answer: C) Joule
74. Which method is commonly used for calculating deflection in beams?
A) Bernoulli method
B) Macaulay’s method
C) Mohr’s circle
D) Rankine’s method
Answer: B) Macaulay’s method
75. A circular shaft subjected to torsion fails along:
A) Cross-section
B) Diameter
C) A helical path
D) Neutral axis
Answer: C) A helical path
76. Poisson’s ratio for an ideal incompressible material is:
A) 0
B) 0.25
C) 0.5
D) 1.0
Answer: C) 0.5
77. The elongation of a bar under axial load depends directly on:
A) Area
B) Modulus of rigidity
C) Original length
D) Poisson’s ratio
Answer: C) Original length
78. Torsional rigidity is given by:
A) G × A
B) G × I
C) G × J
D) G / L
Answer: C) G × J
(Where G = Modulus of rigidity, J = Polar moment of inertia)
79. In a stress-strain diagram, the area under the curve up to elastic limit is called:
A) Proof stress
B) Toughness
C) Modulus of resilience
D) Modulus of elasticity
Answer: C) Modulus of resilience
80. What happens when a ductile material is subjected to tensile loading beyond the ultimate point?
A) It fractures immediately
B) It continues to deform without any increase in load
C) It springs back
D) It increases in stiffness
Answer: B) It continues to deform without any increase in load
81. What is the main reason for using I-section in beams?
A) Easy manufacturing
B) Less weight
C) Maximum moment of inertia with minimum material
D) Uniform stress distribution
Answer: C) Maximum moment of inertia with minimum material
82. In a material under axial tensile loading, lateral contraction occurs due to:
A) Hooke’s law
B) Poisson’s effect
C) Yielding
D) Shear stress
Answer: B) Poisson’s effect
83. Which term defines the ability of a material to undergo large plastic deformation before fracture?
A) Toughness
B) Ductility
C) Elasticity
D) Hardness
Answer: B) Ductility
84. The main factor that governs the slenderness ratio of a column is:
A) Load
B) Cross-sectional area
C) Length and radius of gyration
D) Material weight
Answer: C) Length and radius of gyration
85. The core of a composite bar subjected to temperature change experiences:
A) Creep
B) Bending
C) Thermal stress
D) No stress
Answer: C) Thermal stress
86. For a beam section, the section modulus (Z) is given by:
A) I × R
B) I / Y
C) Y / I
D) I × Y
Answer: B) I / Y
(Where I = moment of inertia, Y = distance from neutral axis)
87. Which one of these properties is measured by the Izod or Charpy test?
A) Elasticity
B) Impact strength
C) Torsional strength
D) Fatigue resistance
Answer: B) Impact strength
88. A beam is said to be statically determinate if:
A) Bending moment is constant
B) Reactions can be found using equilibrium equations alone
C) More supports are present than required
D) It has internal hinges
Answer: B) Reactions can be found using equilibrium equations alone
89. The flexural rigidity of a beam is defined as:
A) E / I
B) M / I
C) E × I
D) M × E
Answer: C) E × I
(Where E = modulus of elasticity, I = moment of inertia)
90. Which type of loading is responsible for fatigue failure?
A) Static load
B) Dynamic load
C) Repeated cyclic loading
D) Torsional load
Answer: C) Repeated cyclic loading
91. The maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load (UDL) occurs at:
A) At the supports
B) Quarter span
C) Mid-span
D) Near one end
Answer: C) Mid-span
92. A thin cylindrical shell is said to be under hoop stress when:
A) Axial pressure is applied
B) Internal pressure is applied
C) External load is applied longitudinally
D) Torsion is applied
Answer: B) Internal pressure is applied
93. The total strain energy in a shaft under torsion is proportional to:
A) Torque
B) Torque squared
C) Torque cubed
D) Length
Answer: B) Torque squared
94. What happens to Young’s modulus if both stress and strain are doubled?
A) Doubled
B) Halved
C) Unchanged
D) Zero
Answer: C) Unchanged
(Since E = Stress/Strain, it remains constant if both change proportionally)
95. Which material typically shows a linear stress-strain relationship up to fracture?
A) Mild steel
B) Glass
C) Rubber
D) Copper
Answer: B) Glass
96. The phenomenon of sudden and complete fracture after prolonged loading is called:
A) Fatigue
B) Creep
C) Torsion
D) Buckling
Answer: A) Fatigue
97. The radius of gyration is defined as:
A) Area divided by moment
B) √(Moment of inertia / Mass)
C) √(Moment of inertia / Area)
D) Moment × length
Answer: C) √(Moment of inertia / Area)
98. What is the ratio of bulk modulus (K) to Young’s modulus (E) in terms of Poisson’s ratio (ν)?
A) K = E / [3(1 − 2ν)]
B) K = E / [2(1 + ν)]
C) K = E / (1 − ν)
D) K = 3E / (1 + ν)
Answer: A) K = E / [3(1 − 2ν)]
99. A material is said to be perfectly plastic if:
A) It has no elastic limit
B) Stress remains constant during plastic deformation
C) It fails suddenly
D) It shows strain hardening
Answer: B) Stress remains constant during plastic deformation
100. What causes yielding in a ductile material?
A) Exceeding elastic limit
B) Thermal expansion
C) Load relaxation
D) Fatigue cycles
Answer: A) Exceeding elastic limit
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