Environmental Science MCQs – Important for NEET & Competitive Exams (2025)

Environmental Science MCQs – Important for NEET & Competitive Exams (2025)

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Prepare effectively for NEET 2025 and other competitive exams with our curated collection of Environmental Science MCQs. This comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions is designed to cover all key topics from ecology, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, and sustainable development. Whether you're a NEET aspirant or appearing for other competitive exams, these important MCQs for Environmental Science 2025 will boost your revision and help you score higher. Practice now to master environmental concepts and stay ahead in your exam preparation.

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Environmental Science MCQs – Important for NEET & Competitive Exams (2025)
If you are preparing for NEET 2025, UPSC, or other competitive exams, mastering Environmental Science MCQs is essential. This article provides a collection of important multiple-choice questions from Environmental Science, curated for NEET and other entrance tests. These questions are designed to test your conceptual understanding, analytical thinking, and problem-solving skills.
Why Practice Environmental Science MCQs for NEET 2025?
Environmental Science plays a vital role in medical entrance exams like NEET. With topics ranging from biodiversity to pollution, these questions are commonly asked and often easy to score. Practicing objective-type environmental questions helps in quick revision and boosts your accuracy.
Environmental Science MCQs with Answers (2025)
1. Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Ozone
Answer: B. Carbon Dioxide
2. What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion?
A. Greenhouse gases
B. CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
C. Deforestation
D. Radiation
Answer: B. CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
3. The term ‘biodiversity hotspot’ refers to:
A. Areas with high temperatures
B. Regions with low species diversity
C. Areas rich in endemic species but threatened
D. Forests with no human activity
Answer: C. Areas rich in endemic species but threatened
4. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A. Solar energy
B. Wind energy
C. Fossil fuels
D. Biomass
Answer: C. Fossil fuels
5. What does ‘Eutrophication’ refer to?
A. Soil degradation due to chemicals
B. Enrichment of water bodies with nutrients
C. Excessive use of fossil fuels
D. Accumulation of plastics in the oceans
Answer: B. Enrichment of water bodies with nutrients
6. Which gas is a major contributor to acid rain?
A. Methane
B. Sulphur dioxide
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Ammonia
Answer: B. Sulphur dioxide
7. Which organization releases the 'State of the Environment' report in India?
A. WHO
B. UNEP
C. CPCB
D. MoEFCC
Answer: D. MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change)
8. The Kyoto Protocol is related to:
A. Water pollution
B. Climate change
C. Desertification
D. Ozone depletion
Answer: B. Climate change
9. Which of the following is an example of in-situ conservation?
A. Zoological park
B. Botanical garden
C. National park
D. Gene bank
Answer: C. National park
10. The term 'Ecological footprint' measures:
A. The cost of energy
B. Resource consumption and waste generation
C. Animal migration
D. Carbon monoxide levels

Answer: B. Resource consumption and waste generation
More Environmental Science MCQs for NEET & Competitive Exams
11. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A. Hydrogen
B. Argon
C. Methane
D. Neon
Answer: C. Methane
Explanation: Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential much higher than CO₂ over a 20-year period.
12. Which country hosted the first Earth Summit in 1992?
A. USA
B. Brazil
C. India
D. France
Answer: B. Brazil
Explanation: The first Earth Summit, officially called the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
13. What does BOD stand for in water pollution studies?
A. Biological Oxygen Demand
B. Basic Oxidation Demand
C. Biodegradable Oxygen Demand
D. Bio Output Determination
Answer: A. Biological Oxygen Demand
Explanation: BOD indicates the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water.
14. Which gas is responsible for the characteristic smell of rotten eggs and is also a pollutant?
A. Methane
B. Ammonia
C. Hydrogen sulfide
D. Sulfur dioxide
Answer: C. Hydrogen sulfide
15. Which of the following practices contributes to desertification?
A. Crop rotation
B. Afforestation
C. Overgrazing
D. Organic farming
Answer: C. Overgrazing
Explanation: Overgrazing removes vegetation cover, leading to soil erosion and eventually desertification.
16. The Chipko Movement was primarily concerned with:
A. Anti-pollution drive
B. Water conservation
C. Forest conservation
D. Wildlife protection
Answer: C. Forest conservation
Explanation: Initiated in Uttarakhand, the Chipko Movement involved villagers hugging trees to prevent deforestation.
17. Which one of the following pollutants is mainly responsible for Minamata disease?
A. Lead
B. Arsenic
C. Mercury
D. Cadmium
Answer: C. Mercury
Explanation: Minamata disease is caused by mercury poisoning, typically due to industrial discharge in water bodies.
18. The term ‘biomagnification’ refers to:
A. Increase in population
B. Accumulation of pollutants in upper trophic levels
C. Growth of algae in polluted water
D. Mutation in organisms
Answer: B. Accumulation of pollutants in upper trophic levels
Explanation: Biomagnification is the process by which the concentration of toxic substances increases in organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.
19. Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
A. Fungi
B. Bacteria
C. Soil
D. Plants
Answer: C. Soil
Explanation: Abiotic components are the non-living physical and chemical elements in an ecosystem.
20. Montreal Protocol is associated with:
A. Carbon emissions control
B. Protection of endangered species
C. Phasing out of ozone-depleting substances
D. Regulation of electronic waste

Answer: C. Phasing out of ozone-depleting substances
Additional Environmental Science MCQs – NEET 2025 Practice Set
21. Which of the following is a biodegradable pollutant?
A. Plastic
B. DDT
C. Sewage
D. Lead
Answer: C. Sewage
Explanation: Sewage is organic in nature and can be broken down by decomposers, unlike non-biodegradable substances like plastic or heavy metals.
22. Which type of ecosystem has the highest biodiversity?
A. Desert
B. Tundra
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Ocean trench
Answer: C. Tropical rainforest
Explanation: Tropical rainforests support the richest biodiversity due to their warm climate and high rainfall.
23. Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Sulfur dioxide
C. Nitric oxide
D. Ozone
Answer: D. Ozone
Explanation: Ground-level ozone is formed through photochemical reactions involving primary pollutants like NOx and VOCs.
24. What is the function of a scrubber in industrial pollution control?
A. Remove carbon dioxide
B. Filter suspended particles
C. Absorb gases like SO₂
D. Reduce noise pollution
Answer: C. Absorb gases like SO₂
Explanation: Scrubbers are used in industries to remove harmful gases like sulfur dioxide from exhaust emissions.
25. Which of the following is not a consequence of deforestation?
A. Soil erosion
B. Global warming
C. Desertification
D. Increase in groundwater level
Answer: D. Increase in groundwater level
Explanation: Deforestation typically reduces groundwater recharge due to loss of vegetative cover.
26. Which instrument is used to measure noise pollution?
A. Lux meter
B. Anemometer
C. Decibel meter
D. Barometer
Answer: C. Decibel meter
27. The ‘Silent Valley’ movement was launched to:
A. Protest against hunting
B. Oppose construction of a hydroelectric dam
C. Promote organic farming
D. Encourage tourism in Kerala
Answer: B. Oppose construction of a hydroelectric dam
Explanation: The Silent Valley Movement in Kerala aimed to protect the unique biodiversity of the region from being destroyed by dam construction.
28. Which of the following contributes most to the greenhouse effect?
A. Ozone
B. Nitrous oxide
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Sulfur dioxide
Answer: C. Carbon dioxide
Explanation: CO₂ is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas responsible for global warming.
29. What is the main reason for the extinction of many species today?
A. Volcanic eruptions
B. Earthquakes
C. Habitat destruction
D. Ocean currents
Answer: C. Habitat destruction
Explanation: Loss of natural habitats due to deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture is a major driver of species extinction.
30. Which Indian river is most affected by industrial pollution?
A. Yamuna
B. Ganga
C. Godavari
D. Brahmaputra

Answer: B. Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga River faces high levels of industrial waste and sewage, making it one of the most polluted rivers in India.
Environmental Science MCQs – Advanced Practice Set (NEET 2025)
31. Which of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?
A. Sacred groves
B. Wildlife sanctuary
C. National park
D. Botanical garden
Answer: D. Botanical garden
Explanation: Ex-situ conservation involves protecting endangered species outside their natural habitat, like in botanical gardens or gene banks.
32. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
A. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere
Answer: B. Stratosphere
Explanation: The ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful UV radiation, is located in the stratosphere.
33. Which is the most productive ecosystem in terms of biomass per unit area?
A. Desert
B. Grassland
C. Coral reef
D. Estuary
Answer: D. Estuary
Explanation: Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems due to nutrient-rich waters and diverse flora and fauna.
34. Which Indian law was enacted to control air pollution?
A. Water Act, 1974
B. Forest Act, 1980
C. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
D. Environment Protection Act, 1986
Answer: C. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
35. What is the major source of noise pollution in urban areas?
A. Wind turbines
B. Household appliances
C. Industrial operations
D. Road traffic
Answer: D. Road traffic
Explanation: Honking, engine noise, and vehicular movement are major contributors to noise pollution in cities.
36. Which gas is used as an indicator of air pollution?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Sulfur dioxide
Answer: D. Sulfur dioxide
Explanation: SO₂ is commonly used as an indicator of air quality due to its adverse health and environmental effects.
37. Vermicomposting is a method of:
A. Chemical recycling
B. Organic waste disposal using earthworms
C. Sewage treatment
D. Plastic recycling
Answer: B. Organic waste disposal using earthworms
Explanation: Vermicomposting uses earthworms to break down organic matter and convert it into nutrient-rich compost.
38. Which gas is not a greenhouse gas?
A. Water vapor
B. Nitrogen
C. Methane
D. Ozone
Answer: B. Nitrogen
Explanation: While nitrogen makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere, it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
39. Which practice helps in sustainable agriculture?
A. Monoculture
B. Slash and burn
C. Crop rotation
D. Excessive pesticide use
Answer: C. Crop rotation
Explanation: Crop rotation improves soil health and prevents pest outbreaks, making it a sustainable farming technique.
40. Which organization launched the “Agenda 21” initiative for sustainable development?
A. UNEP
B. UNDP
C. United Nations
D. WHO

Answer: C. United Nations
Explanation: Agenda 21 was a non-binding action plan for sustainable development introduced at the 1992 Earth Summit.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 41–50)
41. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species in Indian forests?
A. Lion
B. Peepal tree
C. Tiger
D. Vulture
Answer: C. Tiger
Explanation: Keystone species like the tiger play a critical role in maintaining the structure and balance of ecosystems. Their presence influences the population of other species.
42. Which is the most harmful form of ultraviolet radiation?
A. UV-A
B. UV-B
C. UV-C
D. All are equally harmful
Answer: C. UV-C
Explanation: UV-C rays are the most dangerous, but they are completely absorbed by the ozone layer. UV-B can also cause significant health issues like skin cancer and cataracts.
43. Which of the following best describes the term “sustainable development”?
A. Development for future generations only
B. Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' needs
C. Industrial development with no restrictions
D. Use of all natural resources completely
Answer: B. Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' needs
Explanation: Sustainable development ensures economic progress without environmental degradation.
44. Which of the following human activities reduces biodiversity?
A. Reforestation
B. Wildlife sanctuaries
C. Industrialization
D. Organic farming
Answer: C. Industrialization
Explanation: Industrialization leads to habitat loss and pollution, contributing to biodiversity loss.
45. Which ecological pyramid can never be inverted?
A. Pyramid of numbers
B. Pyramid of biomass
C. Pyramid of energy
D. All can be inverted
Answer: C. Pyramid of energy
Explanation: Energy flow is always unidirectional and decreases at each trophic level, so the energy pyramid is always upright.
46. Which environmental disaster is associated with the Union Carbide plant?
A. Minamata tragedy
B. Bhopal gas tragedy
C. Chernobyl disaster
D. Exxon Valdez oil spill
Answer: B. Bhopal gas tragedy
Explanation: The Bhopal gas leak (1984) in India was caused by a leak of methyl isocyanate from the Union Carbide plant.
47. A climax community is:
A. A new community in its early stages
B. A stable and mature ecological community
C. A temporary community
D. A short-lived plant group
Answer: B. A stable and mature ecological community
Explanation: A climax community represents the final stage of ecological succession and is in equilibrium with the environment.
48. What is the main pollutant released from vehicular emissions?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen gas
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Hydrogen peroxide
Answer: C. Carbon monoxide
Explanation: Incomplete combustion of fuel in vehicles releases CO, a poisonous gas that reduces oxygen delivery in the body.
49. Which of the following practices leads to sustainable forest management?
A. Clear-cutting
B. Slash-and-burn farming
C. Selective logging
D. Urbanization
Answer: C. Selective logging
Explanation: Selective logging minimizes damage to the ecosystem by cutting only mature trees and preserving biodiversity.
50. Which day is celebrated as World Environment Day?
A. 5th June
B. 22nd April
C. 1st May
D. 16th September

Answer: A. 5th June
Explanation: World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5 every year to raise awareness about environmental issues.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 51–60)
51. The primary cause of coral bleaching is:
A. Ocean acidification
B. Plastic pollution
C. Overfishing
D. Oil spills
Answer: A. Ocean acidification
Explanation: Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel the symbiotic algae due to rising sea temperatures and increased ocean acidity caused by excess CO₂.
52. Which of the following is not part of the ‘3Rs’ of waste management?
A. Reduce
B. Reuse
C. Recycle
D. React
Answer: D. React
Explanation: The 3Rs stand for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle—essential strategies for managing solid waste sustainably.
53. Ganga Action Plan was launched in the year:
A. 1985
B. 1991
C. 1974
D. 2001
Answer: A. 1985
Explanation: The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched in 1985 to clean and restore the Ganga River.
54. Which biome is characterized by permafrost?
A. Taiga
B. Tundra
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Desert
Answer: B. Tundra
Explanation: Tundra biomes have frozen subsoil called permafrost and support only hardy, low-growing vegetation.
55. What does the term ‘ecological succession’ refer to?
A. Evolution of species
B. Gradual replacement of one community by another
C. Elimination of species
D. Genetic changes over time
Answer: B. Gradual replacement of one community by another
Explanation: Ecological succession is the natural, predictable change in species structure in an ecosystem over time.
56. The largest source of freshwater on Earth is:
A. Rivers
B. Lakes
C. Groundwater
D. Glaciers and ice caps
Answer: D. Glaciers and ice caps
Explanation: Nearly 69% of Earth’s freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.
57. Which gas is responsible for the formation of photochemical smog?
A. CO₂
B. NOx and hydrocarbons
C. Methane
D. Oxygen
Answer: B. NOx and hydrocarbons
Explanation: Photochemical smog forms when nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react in the presence of sunlight.
58. What is the major goal of the Ramsar Convention?
A. Protection of world heritage sites
B. Conservation of wetlands
C. Banning nuclear weapons
D. Reforestation
Answer: B. Conservation of wetlands
Explanation: The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
59. The process of nutrient enrichment of a water body that leads to excessive algal growth is called:
A. Bioaccumulation
B. Eutrophication
C. Biodegradation
D. Denitrification
Answer: B. Eutrophication
Explanation: Eutrophication results from the addition of nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates, to water bodies.
60. Which Indian city is the first to achieve 100% waste segregation at source?
A. Pune
B. Mysuru
C. Indore
D. Bengaluru

Answer: C. Indore
Explanation: Indore has been recognized nationally for implementing 100% segregation of waste at the household level.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 61–70)
61. Which type of pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides?
A. Noise pollution
B. Water pollution
C. Air pollution
D. Radioactive pollution
Answer: B. Water pollution
Explanation: Runoff from agricultural fields carries chemicals into water bodies, causing contamination and eutrophication.
62. Which of the following renewable energy sources is derived from Earth’s internal heat?
A. Wind energy
B. Solar energy
C. Geothermal energy
D. Hydropower
Answer: C. Geothermal energy
Explanation: Geothermal energy is produced by harnessing heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface.
63. Which of the following is a bio-indicator of air pollution?
A. Mango tree
B. Earthworm
C. Lichen
D. Bacteria
Answer: C. Lichen
Explanation: Lichens are sensitive to sulfur dioxide and are good indicators of air quality.
64. Which part of the ecosystem is responsible for the recycling of nutrients?
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
D. Herbivores
Answer: C. Decomposers
Explanation: Decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the soil.
65. Which method is used for the disposal of radioactive waste?
A. Open dumping
B. Composting
C. Deep burial
D. Incineration
Answer: C. Deep burial
Explanation: Radioactive waste is safely isolated by burying it deep underground in specially designed containment areas.
66. The term “carbon footprint” refers to:
A. The amount of oxygen released by a plant
B. The number of carbon atoms in a molecule
C. The total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or activity
D. The effect of deforestation on soil
Answer: C. The total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or activity
Explanation: Carbon footprint measures the environmental impact in terms of the amount of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases produced.
67. Which Indian environmentalist is known for the “Narmada Bachao Andolan”?
A. Sunderlal Bahuguna
B. Medha Patkar
C. Vandana Shiva
D. Rajendra Singh
Answer: B. Medha Patkar
Explanation: Medha Patkar led the movement to stop large dams on the Narmada River, emphasizing human and ecological costs.
68. What is the correct sequence of ecological organization from smallest to largest?
A. Species → Community → Population → Ecosystem
B. Species → Population → Community → Ecosystem
C. Population → Species → Ecosystem → Community
D. Community → Species → Population → Biosphere
Answer: B. Species → Population → Community → Ecosystem
Explanation: This is the correct ascending order of ecological levels.
69. Which pollutant is primarily associated with the thinning of the ozone layer?
A. CO₂
B. CFCs
C. NOx
D. PM2.5
Answer: B. CFCs
Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic compounds that degrade ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
70. Which city is the headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)?
A. Geneva
B. Nairobi
C. Paris
D. New York

Answer: B. Nairobi
Explanation: UNEP is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, and leads global environmental initiatives.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 71–80)
71. The main aim of afforestation is:
A. Increasing urban land
B. Reducing forest cover
C. Planting trees to restore forests
D. Promoting mining activity
Answer: C. Planting trees to restore forests
Explanation: Afforestation helps increase green cover, prevent soil erosion, and combat climate change.
72. Which of the following is the primary cause of acid rain?
A. CO and CO₂
B. SO₂ and NOx
C. CFCs
D. CH₄ and O₃
Answer: B. SO₂ and NOx
Explanation: Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with water vapor in the atmosphere to form acids, leading to acid rain.
73. Which of the following best describes “biological magnification”?
A. Growth of large-sized species
B. Reduction in biodiversity
C. Increase in concentration of pollutants along a food chain
D. Rapid increase in bacterial population
Answer: C. Increase in concentration of pollutants along a food chain
Explanation: Toxins like DDT and mercury increase in concentration as they move up trophic levels.
74. Which natural event is associated with the sudden release of stored energy in Earth’s crust?
A. Cyclone
B. Earthquake
C. Tsunami
D. Avalanche
Answer: B. Earthquake
Explanation: Earthquakes are caused by tectonic plate movements releasing energy from the Earth’s crust.
75. Which of the following is not a component of integrated waste management?
A. Landfilling
B. Incineration
C. Open dumping
D. Composting
Answer: C. Open dumping
Explanation: Open dumping is environmentally unsafe and not part of modern waste management strategies.
76. The Paris Agreement (2015) deals with:
A. Ozone layer protection
B. Climate change mitigation
C. Forest conservation
D. Marine pollution
Answer: B. Climate change mitigation
Explanation: The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming below 2°C by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
77. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem refers to:
A. Number of species it can produce
B. Maximum number of individuals it can support sustainably
C. Growth rate of predators
D. Quantity of water available
Answer: B. Maximum number of individuals it can support sustainably
Explanation: Carrying capacity determines how many organisms an ecosystem can support without degradation.
78. Which gas is a secondary pollutant formed from photochemical reactions?
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Methane
C. Tropospheric ozone
D. Ammonia
Answer: C. Tropospheric ozone
Explanation: Ground-level ozone forms from reactions between NOx and VOCs under sunlight.
79. Which Indian initiative promotes solar energy use under a national policy?
A. Solar India Scheme
B. National Solar Mission
C. Bharat Surya Yojana
D. Renewable India Movement
Answer: B. National Solar Mission
Explanation: Launched under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), it promotes large-scale solar energy use.
80. The Red Data Book contains information about:
A. Fossil fuels
B. Agricultural pests
C. Endangered species
D. Medicinal plants

Answer: C. Endangered species
Explanation: The Red Data Book, published by the IUCN, lists threatened and endangered species globally.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 81–90)
81. The primary objective of the Kyoto Protocol was to:
A. Prevent desertification
B. Promote afforestation
C. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
D. Protect coral reefs
Answer: C. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol (1997) was a global agreement aiming to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to mitigate climate change.
82. What is the role of ozone in the stratosphere?
A. Absorb harmful UV radiation
B. Increase atmospheric temperature
C. Promote cloud formation
D. Cause smog
Answer: A. Absorb harmful UV radiation
Explanation: The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, protecting living organisms on Earth.
83. Which among the following is the most energy-efficient mode of transportation?
A. Airplane
B. Motorcycle
C. Bicycle
D. Diesel bus
Answer: C. Bicycle
Explanation: Bicycles use no fossil fuels and have zero emissions, making them the most energy-efficient mode of transport.
84. Which one of these is not a greenhouse gas?
A. Nitrous oxide
B. Methane
C. Oxygen
D. Water vapor
Answer: C. Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas and does not trap infrared radiation in the atmosphere.
85. Which is the correct full form of UNEP?
A. United Nations Energy Program
B. United Nations Environmental Policy
C. United Nations Environment Programme
D. Union for Nature and Environmental Protection
Answer: C. United Nations Environment Programme
Explanation: UNEP is the global authority for environmental issues, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya.
86. Which of the following human activities has the largest impact on biodiversity loss?
A. Urban gardening
B. Habitat destruction
C. Organic farming
D. Nature tourism
Answer: B. Habitat destruction
Explanation: Loss of natural habitats due to agriculture, construction, and mining is the leading cause of species extinction.
87. Which plant is widely used for phytoremediation of heavy metals?
A. Neem
B. Sunflower
C. Peepal
D. Cactus
Answer: B. Sunflower
Explanation: Sunflowers are hyperaccumulators used in phytoremediation to absorb heavy metals from contaminated soil.
88. Which of the following pollutants is majorly responsible for smog in cities?
A. Ozone and SO₂
B. CO₂ and CH₄
C. NOx and hydrocarbons
D. N₂ and O₂
Answer: C. NOx and hydrocarbons
Explanation: In the presence of sunlight, these pollutants produce photochemical smog, affecting visibility and health.
89. Which gas is released in large quantities during the burning of fossil fuels and is a major cause of global warming?
A. Methane
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Ammonia
Answer: C. Carbon dioxide
Explanation: CO₂ is the most significant greenhouse gas released from burning coal, oil, and natural gas.
90. In India, which authority is responsible for the implementation of the Environment Protection Act, 1986?
A. Ministry of Earth Sciences
B. Central Pollution Control Board
C. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
D. NITI Aayog

Answer: C. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Explanation: MoEFCC is the nodal agency in India for planning and implementing environmental policies and laws.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 91–100)
91. What is biomagnification?
A. Increase in biomass in an ecosystem
B. Accumulation of toxic substances in organisms higher up the food chain
C. Decrease in biodiversity
D. Growth of bacteria in water
Answer: B. Accumulation of toxic substances in organisms higher up the food chain
Explanation: Toxic substances become more concentrated as they move up trophic levels.
92. The major source of indoor air pollution in rural India is:
A. Vehicular emissions
B. Industrial smoke
C. Burning of biomass fuels for cooking
D. Pesticides
Answer: C. Burning of biomass fuels for cooking
Explanation: Traditional cooking with wood, dung, or crop residues causes indoor air pollution.
93. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) is conducted to:
A. Promote industrial growth
B. Evaluate the impact of projects on the environment before approval
C. Calculate population density
D. Monitor forest cover
Answer: B. Evaluate the impact of projects on the environment before approval
Explanation: EIA helps in decision-making to minimize environmental damage.
94. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?
A. Solar energy
B. Wind energy
C. Coal
D. Biomass energy
Answer: C. Coal
Explanation: Coal is a fossil fuel and non-renewable as it takes millions of years to form.
95. The ‘Chipko Movement’ in India was aimed at:
A. Soil conservation
B. Wildlife protection
C. Forest conservation by hugging trees
D. Wetland restoration
Answer: C. Forest conservation by hugging trees
Explanation: Villagers hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down in the 1970s.
96. Which of these gases has the highest global warming potential (GWP)?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Methane
C. Nitrous oxide
D. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Answer: D. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation: CFCs have very high GWP and also contribute to ozone depletion.
97. Biodegradable waste can be broken down by:
A. Fungi and bacteria
B. Plastics
C. Metals
D. Glass
Answer: A. Fungi and bacteria
Explanation: Microorganisms decompose biodegradable materials naturally.
98. What does the term “hotspot” refer to in biodiversity?
A. Areas with volcanic activity
B. Regions with a high concentration of endangered species
C. Places with extreme temperatures
D. Zones of high solar radiation
Answer: B. Regions with a high concentration of endangered species
Explanation: Biodiversity hotspots are areas rich in species but under threat.
99. Which process converts nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into ammonia?
A. Denitrification
B. Nitrification
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Ammonification
Answer: C. Nitrogen fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia usable by plants.
100. The ozone hole is primarily located over:
A. Arctic
B. Antarctic
C. Equator
D. Tropics

Answer: B. Antarctic
Explanation: The most severe depletion of the ozone layer is over Antarctica.
Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 101–110)
101. Which pollutant is responsible for causing ‘blue baby syndrome’?
A. Lead
B. Nitrate
C. Mercury
D. Arsenic
Answer: B. Nitrate
Explanation: High nitrate levels in drinking water cause methemoglobinemia or ‘blue baby syndrome’ in infants.
102. Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas released from paddy fields?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Methane
C. Nitrous oxide
D. Ozone
Answer: B. Methane
Explanation: Anaerobic decomposition in flooded rice fields releases methane.
103. Which soil type is most prone to erosion?
A. Sandy soil
B. Clay soil
C. Loamy soil
D. Rocky soil
Answer: A. Sandy soil
Explanation: Sandy soil has loose particles that are easily washed or blown away.
104. The term ‘carbon sink’ refers to:
A. Source of carbon dioxide emission
B. Reservoir that absorbs more carbon than it releases
C. Storage of fossil fuels
D. A type of pollutant
Answer: B. Reservoir that absorbs more carbon than it releases
Explanation: Forests and oceans act as carbon sinks by absorbing CO₂.
105. What is the main cause of the ‘urban heat island effect’?
A. Increased green cover in cities
B. High levels of air pollution
C. Replacement of vegetation with concrete structures
D. Use of renewable energy
Answer: C. Replacement of vegetation with concrete structures
Explanation: Concrete and asphalt absorb and retain heat, raising urban temperatures.
106. Which organization publishes the annual ‘Living Planet Report’?
A. UNESCO
B. WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature)
C. UNEP
D. IUCN
Answer: B. WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature)
Explanation: The Living Planet Report assesses the state of global biodiversity.
107. Which Indian law regulates the management and conservation of forests?
A. Wildlife Protection Act
B. Forest Conservation Act
C. Environment Protection Act
D. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
Answer: B. Forest Conservation Act
Explanation: The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 regulates deforestation and forest use.
108. Which of the following gases is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect?
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Helium
Answer: B. Carbon dioxide
Explanation: CO₂ traps infrared radiation, warming the Earth’s atmosphere.
109. ‘Biodiversity hotspots’ are identified based on:
A. Number of species alone
B. Presence of endemic and threatened species
C. Size of the area
D. Temperature range
Answer: B. Presence of endemic and threatened species
Explanation: Hotspots have high levels of endemic species and face severe threats.
110. The ‘Clean Development Mechanism’ (CDM) is related to:
A. Renewable energy promotion
B. Waste management
C. Carbon trading under Kyoto Protocol
D. Protection of wetlands

Answer: C. Carbon trading under Kyoto Protocol
Explanation: CDM allows developed countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries.
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Environmental Science MCQs – Important for NEET & Competitive Exams (2025)

Environmental Science MCQs – Important for NEET & Competitive Exams (2025)

Why Practice Environmental Science MCQs for NEET 2025?

Environmental Science MCQs with Answers (2025)

1. Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming?

2. What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion?

3. The term ‘biodiversity hotspot’ refers to:

4. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

5. What does ‘Eutrophication’ refer to?

6. Which gas is a major contributor to acid rain?

7. Which organization releases the 'State of the Environment' report in India?

8. The Kyoto Protocol is related to:

9. Which of the following is an example of in-situ conservation?

10. The term 'Ecological footprint' measures:

More Environmental Science MCQs for NEET & Competitive Exams

11. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

12. Which country hosted the first Earth Summit in 1992?

13. What does BOD stand for in water pollution studies?

14. Which gas is responsible for the characteristic smell of rotten eggs and is also a pollutant?

15. Which of the following practices contributes to desertification?

16. The Chipko Movement was primarily concerned with:

17. Which one of the following pollutants is mainly responsible for Minamata disease?

18. The term ‘biomagnification’ refers to:

19. Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?

20. Montreal Protocol is associated with:

Additional Environmental Science MCQs – NEET 2025 Practice Set

21. Which of the following is a biodegradable pollutant?

22. Which type of ecosystem has the highest biodiversity?

23. Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?

24. What is the function of a scrubber in industrial pollution control?

25. Which of the following is not a consequence of deforestation?

26. Which instrument is used to measure noise pollution?

27. The ‘Silent Valley’ movement was launched to:

28. Which of the following contributes most to the greenhouse effect?

29. What is the main reason for the extinction of many species today?

30. Which Indian river is most affected by industrial pollution?

Environmental Science MCQs – Advanced Practice Set (NEET 2025)

31. Which of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?

32. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

33. Which is the most productive ecosystem in terms of biomass per unit area?

34. Which Indian law was enacted to control air pollution?

35. What is the major source of noise pollution in urban areas?

36. Which gas is used as an indicator of air pollution?

37. Vermicomposting is a method of:

38. Which gas is not a greenhouse gas?

39. Which practice helps in sustainable agriculture?

40. Which organization launched the “Agenda 21” initiative for sustainable development?

Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 41–50)

41. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species in Indian forests?

42. Which is the most harmful form of ultraviolet radiation?

43. Which of the following best describes the term “sustainable development”?

44. Which of the following human activities reduces biodiversity?

45. Which ecological pyramid can never be inverted?

46. Which environmental disaster is associated with the Union Carbide plant?

47. A climax community is:

48. What is the main pollutant released from vehicular emissions?

49. Which of the following practices leads to sustainable forest management?

50. Which day is celebrated as World Environment Day?

Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 51–60)

51. The primary cause of coral bleaching is:

52. Which of the following is not part of the ‘3Rs’ of waste management?

53. Ganga Action Plan was launched in the year:

54. Which biome is characterized by permafrost?

55. What does the term ‘ecological succession’ refer to?

56. The largest source of freshwater on Earth is:

57. Which gas is responsible for the formation of photochemical smog?

58. What is the major goal of the Ramsar Convention?

59. The process of nutrient enrichment of a water body that leads to excessive algal growth is called:

60. Which Indian city is the first to achieve 100% waste segregation at source?

Environmental Science MCQs – Practice Set (Questions 61–70)

61. Which type of pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides?

62. Which of the following renewable energy sources is derived from Earth’s internal heat?

63. Which of the following is a bio-indicator of air pollution?

64. Which part of the ecosystem is responsible for the recycling of nutrients?

65. Which method is used for the disposal of radioactive waste?

66. The term “carbon footprint” refers to:

67. Which Indian environmentalist is known for the “Narmada Bachao Andolan”?

68. What is the correct sequence of ecological organization from smallest to largest?

69. Which pollutant is primarily associated with the thinning of the ozone layer?

70. Which city is the headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)?

**25. Which of the following is not a consequence of deforestation?**

**84. Which one of these is not a greenhouse gas?**