Physics Class 12 MCQ Set: All Chapters –                 Based on NCERT & CBSE Pattern

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Get fully exam-ready with our comprehensive Physics Class 12 MCQ Set covering all chapters as per the latest NCERT syllabus and CBSE exam pattern. This collection includes chapter-wise Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) designed to boost your concept clarity and help you score high in board exams, NEET, and other competitive tests. Perfect for quick revision and self-assessment, these Class 12 Physics MCQs are curated by subject experts to match the latest CBSE guidelines. Download in PDF or practice online—ideal for last-minute prep!

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  📘 Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

  1. What is the SI unit of electric charge?
  A) Ampere
  B) Coulomb
  C) Volt
  D) Farad
  ✅ Answer: B) Coulomb

  2. The electric field due to a point charge is:
  A) Inversely proportional to the distance
  B) Directly proportional to the square of distance
  C) Inversely proportional to the square of distance
  D) Constant
  ✅ Answer: C) Inversely proportional to the square of distance

  ---

  📘 Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

  3. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor increases with:
  A) Decrease in plate area
  B) Increase in plate separation
  C) Insertion of dielectric
  D) Increase in voltage
  ✅ Answer: C) Insertion of dielectric

  4. Electrostatic potential at a point is defined as:
  A) Work done per unit charge
  B) Force per unit charge
  C) Energy stored
  D) None of the above
  ✅ Answer: A) Work done per unit charge

  📘 Chapter 3: Current Electricity

  5. Ohm’s law is valid when:
  A) Temperature remains constant
  B) Voltage is zero
  C) Current is alternating
  D) Resistance is zero
  ✅ Answer: A) Temperature remains constant

  6. Which device is used to measure current in a circuit?
  A) Voltmeter
  B) Ammeter
  C) Galvanometer
  D) Resistor
  ✅ Answer: B) Ammeter

  ---

  📘 Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

  7. Magnetic force on a moving charge is maximum when:
  A) Velocity is parallel to the magnetic field
  B) Velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field
  C) Charge is at rest
  D) Magnetic field is zero
  ✅ Answer: B) Velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field

  8. SI unit of magnetic field is:
  A) Gauss
  B) Ampere
  C) Tesla
  D) Weber
  ✅ Answer: C) Tesla

  ---

  📘 Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

  9. Earth’s magnetic field is due to:
  A) Presence of magnetic materials in the Earth’s crust
  B) Motion of molten iron in the Earth’s core
  C) Gravitational field
  D) Rotation of the Moon
  ✅ Answer: B) Motion of molten iron in the Earth’s core

  10. Magnetic susceptibility for diamagnetic materials is:
  A) Positive and large
  B) Negative and small
  C) Zero
  D) Very high
  ✅ Answer: B) Negative and small

  ---

  📘 Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

  11. Faraday’s law is related to:
  A) Electrostatic potential
  B) Magnetic susceptibility
  C) Induced EMF
  D) Electric current
  ✅ Answer: C) Induced EMF

  12. Lenz’s law ensures the conservation of:
  A) Momentum
  B) Charge
  C) Mass
  D) Energy
  ✅ Answer: D) Energy

  ---

  📘 Chapter 7: Alternating Current

  13. The average value of AC over a complete cycle is:
  A) Maximum value
  B) RMS value
  C) Zero
  D) Infinity
  ✅ Answer: C) Zero

  14. Power factor of a pure resistor circuit is:
  A) 0
  B) 0.5
  C) 1
  D) Infinity
  ✅ Answer: C) 1

  ---

  📘 Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

  15. Electromagnetic waves are:
  A) Longitudinal
  B) Transverse
  C) Stationary
  D) Circular
  ✅ Answer: B) Transverse

  16. Which of the following has the highest frequency?
  A) X-rays
  B) Gamma rays
  C) UV rays
  D) Visible light
  ✅ Answer: B) Gamma rays

  ---

  📘 Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

  17. The speed of light is maximum in:
  A) Glass
  B) Water
  C) Air
  D) Vacuum
  ✅ Answer: D) Vacuum

  18. The power of a convex lens is:
  A) Zero
  B) Positive
  C) Negative
  D) Infinity
  ✅ Answer: B) Positive

  ---

  📘 Chapter 10: Wave Optics

  19. Young’s double slit experiment proves:
  A) Particle nature of light
  B) Reflection of light
  C) Wave nature of light
  D) Dispersion of light
  ✅ Answer: C) Wave nature of light

  20. The central fringe in interference pattern is:
  A) Bright
  B) Dark
  C) Colored
  D) Inverted
  ✅ Answer: A) Bright

  ---

  📘 Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

  21. Photoelectric effect supports the concept of:
  A) Light as a wave
  B) Light as a particle
  C) Heat radiation
  D) Sound waves
  ✅ Answer: B) Light as a particle

  22. Threshold frequency is:
  A) Minimum frequency needed to emit electrons
  B) Maximum frequency of radiation
  C) Average frequency
  D) None of the above
  ✅ Answer: A) Minimum frequency needed to emit electrons

  ---

  📘 Chapter 12: Atoms

  23. The energy levels in the hydrogen atom are:
  A) Equally spaced
  B) Randomly spaced
  C) Inversely proportional to square of ‘n’
  D) Directly proportional to ‘n’
  ✅ Answer: C) Inversely proportional to square of ‘n’

  24. The radius of the nth orbit in Bohr’s model is proportional to:
  A) n
  B) 1/n
  C) n²
  D) √n
  ✅ Answer: C) n²

  ---

  📘 Chapter 13: Nuclei

  25. Nuclear force is:
  A) Long range
  B) Electromagnetic
  C) Short range and strong
  D) Weak and long-range
  ✅ Answer: C) Short range and strong

  26. The unit of activity of a radioactive substance is:
  A) Curie
  B) Becquerel
  C) Both A and B
  D) Rutherford
  ✅ Answer: C) Both A and B

  ---

  📘 Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics

  27. A p-type semiconductor is formed by doping:
  A) Group 15 element to silicon
  B) Group 13 element to silicon
  C) Group 14 element to germanium
  D) None of the above
  ✅ Answer: B) Group 13 element to silicon

  28. In a forward-biased p-n junction diode, the current flows due to:
  A) Minority carriers
  B) Breakdown
  C) Majority carriers
  D) Diffusion of protons
  ✅ Answer: C) Majority carriers

  📘 Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics (continued)

  29. The output of a NOT gate is:
  A) Same as input
  B) Inverted input
  C) Always 1
  D) Always 0
  ✅ Answer: B) Inverted input

  30. The energy band gap of a good conductor is:
  A) Very large
  B) Zero
  C) Moderate
  D) Infinite
  ✅ Answer: B) Zero

  ---

  📘 Chapter 15: Communication Systems

  31. The process of superimposing a message signal on a carrier wave is called:
  A) Detection
  B) Transmission
  C) Modulation
  D) Demodulation
  ✅ Answer: C) Modulation

  32. In amplitude modulation (AM), which quantity varies with time?
  A) Frequency
  B) Phase
  C) Amplitude
  D) Wavelength
  ✅ Answer: C) Amplitude

  33. The range of frequencies used for TV transmission is typically:
  A) 30 Hz – 300 Hz
  B) 30 MHz – 300 MHz
  C) 3 GHz – 30 GHz
  D) 300 MHz – 3 GHz
  ✅ Answer: B) 30 MHz – 300 MHz

  ---

  ⚡️ Mixed Conceptual MCQs (All Chapters – HOTS & Application-Based)

  34. A charged particle enters a magnetic field at right angles. The path of the particle will be:
  A) Straight line
  B) Circular
  C) Spiral
  D) Parabolic
  ✅ Answer: B) Circular

  35. A current-carrying conductor produces:
  A) Electric field only
  B) Magnetic field only
  C) Both electric and magnetic fields
  D) Gravitational field
  ✅ Answer: C) Both electric and magnetic fields

  36. A convex lens with focal length 20 cm is placed in air. What is its power?
  A) +5 D
  B) -5 D
  C) +0.2 D
  D) -0.2 D
  ✅ Answer: A) +5 D

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  📚 Assertion & Reason Type MCQs (CBSE Pattern)

  37.
  Assertion (A): Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to propagate.
  Reason (R): EM waves are transverse waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
  A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  C) A is true, R is false
  D) A is false, R is true
  ✅ Answer: A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

  38.
  Assertion (A): The kinetic energy of photoelectrons increases with the frequency of incident light.
  Reason (R): Photoelectric current depends on the intensity of incident light.
  A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  C) A is true, R is false
  D) A is false, R is true
  ✅ Answer: B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

  ---

  🧠 Numerical-Based MCQs (CBSE Pattern)

  39. A charge of 5 C moves through a potential difference of 10 V. The work done is:
  A) 0.5 J
  B) 50 J
  C) 5 J
  D) 500 J
  ✅ Answer: B) 50 J

  40. A wire of resistance 5 Ω carries 2 A current for 10 s. The heat produced is:
  A) 100 J
  B) 200 J
  C) 500 J
  D) 1000 J
  ✅ Answer: C) 500 J
  (Using: H = I²Rt = 2² × 5 × 10 = 200 J)
  ✅ Answer correction: B) 200 J

  ---

  🔁 More Numerical-Based MCQs

  41. An electron moves through a potential difference of 1000 V. The kinetic energy gained by the electron is:
  A) 1 eV
  B) 1000 eV
  C) 100 eV
  D) 10,000 eV
  ✅ Answer: B) 1000 eV
  (KE = e × V = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ × 1000 J = 1000 eV)

  42. A capacitor of 10 μF is charged to 100 V. The energy stored in it is:
  A) 0.05 J
  B) 0.1 J
  C) 0.5 J
  D) 1 J
  ✅ Answer: A) 0.05 J
  (U = ½ C V² = ½ × 10⁻⁵ × 10000 = 0.05 J)

  ---

  📖 More Assertion & Reason Questions

  43.
  Assertion (A): Photoelectric current increases with intensity of light.
  Reason (R): Higher intensity means more photons incident per second.
  A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  C) A is true, R is false
  D) A is false, R is true
  ✅ Answer: A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

  44.
  Assertion (A): Nuclear forces are short-ranged but very strong.
  Reason (R): They act only between charged particles.
  A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  C) A is true, R is false
  D) A is false, R is true
  ✅ Answer: C) A is true, R is false

  ---

  🧪 MCQs from Experiments & Practical-Based Concepts

  45. A student uses a convex lens to focus sunlight onto a paper and it burns. The lens is focusing:
  A) Reflected rays
  B) Infrared rays
  C) Ultraviolet rays
  D) X-rays
  ✅ Answer: B) Infrared rays (heat component of sunlight)

  46. While doing Ohm’s law experiment, to reduce error, the voltmeter should be connected:
  A) In series
  B) In parallel
  C) Across the battery
  D) Before the switch
  ✅ Answer: B) In parallel

  ---

  📊 Graph-Based MCQs

  47. The graph between V and I for an ohmic conductor is:
  A) Hyperbolic
  B) Parabolic
  C) Straight line passing through origin
  D) Exponential
  ✅ Answer: C) Straight line passing through origin

  48. In a photoelectric experiment, a graph between stopping potential (V₀) and frequency (ν) of light is plotted. The slope of the graph gives:
  A) Planck’s constant
  B) Charge of electron
  C) Work function
  D) Kinetic energy
  ✅ Answer: A) Planck’s constant

  ---

  💡 Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) – Mixed Chapters

  49. If the current in a conductor doubles, the heat produced (H) becomes:
  A) Half
  B) Double
  C) Four times
  D) Remains same
  ✅ Answer: C) Four times
  (H ∝ I²)

  50. The reason stars appear to twinkle is due to:
  A) Reflection
  B) Scattering
  C) Atmospheric refraction
  D) Interference
  ✅ Answer: C) Atmospheric refraction

  ---

  🧠 51–60: Conceptual MCQs – Mixed Topics

  51. The reason we use a step-up transformer at the power station is to:
  A) Increase power
  B) Decrease power loss
  C) Increase current
  D) Increase resistance
  ✅ Answer: B) Decrease power loss
  (P = I²R loss is reduced by reducing current and increasing voltage)

  52. A light ray is incident normally on a glass slab. It will:
  A) Deviate slightly
  B) Pass undeviated
  C) Reflect completely
  D) Disperse
  ✅ Answer: B) Pass undeviated

  53. In Bohr’s model, angular momentum of electron is quantized because:
  A) Electron is at rest
  B) Centripetal force is zero
  C) Only certain orbits are allowed
  D) Electron moves linearly
  ✅ Answer: C) Only certain orbits are allowed

  54. A Zener diode is primarily used for:
  A) Power amplification
  B) Voltage regulation
  C) Oscillation
  D) Rectification
  ✅ Answer: B) Voltage regulation

  55. Magnetic field inside a long current-carrying solenoid is:
  A) Zero
  B) Uniform
  C) Varies at ends
  D) Increasing continuously
  ✅ Answer: B) Uniform

  56. The wavelength of visible light lies in the range of:
  A) 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁷ m
  B) 400 to 700 nm
  C) 700 to 900 nm
  D) 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻¹⁰ m
  ✅ Answer: B) 400 to 700 nm

  57. The device that converts light energy to electrical energy is called:
  A) LED
  B) Photodiode
  C) Solar cell
  D) Phototransistor
  ✅ Answer: C) Solar cell

  58. If distance between two charges is doubled, the force becomes:
  A) Four times
  B) Half
  C) One-fourth
  D) Same
  ✅ Answer: C) One-fourth
  (F ∝ 1/r²)

  59. If a wave has frequency 50 Hz and wavelength 4 m, its speed is:
  A) 100 m/s
  B) 200 m/s
  C) 400 m/s
  D) 20 m/s
  ✅ Answer: B) 200 m/s
  (v = f × λ = 50 × 4)

  60. A concave mirror forms a real, inverted, and same-size image when the object is placed at:
  A) Focus
  B) Between focus and pole
  C) Center of curvature
  D) Beyond center of curvature
  ✅ Answer: C) Center of curvature

  ---

  🧾 61–65: Case Study Based MCQs (CBSE New Pattern)

  Case: Transformer Efficiency

  A transformer in a power grid is said to be 95% efficient. It receives 10 kW of power at the primary coil.

  61. How much power is delivered at the secondary coil?
  A) 9500 W
  B) 500 W
  C) 10500 W
  D) 10000 W
  ✅ Answer: A) 9500 W

  62. The 5% loss in transformer is mostly due to:
  A) Mechanical vibration
  B) Hysteresis and eddy current
  C) Reflection losses
  D) Capacitor leakage
  ✅ Answer: B) Hysteresis and eddy current

  ---

  Case: Young’s Double Slit Experiment

  In YDSE, light of wavelength 600 nm is used with a slit separation of 1 mm. The screen is placed 1 m away.

  63. The fringe width is given by:
  A) 0.6 mm
  B) 1.0 mm
  C) 0.06 mm
  D) 0.1 mm
  ✅ Answer: A) 0.6 mm
  (β = λD/d = (600 × 10⁻⁹ × 1)/(1 × 10⁻³) = 0.6 mm)

  64. Central fringe is:
  A) Bright
  B) Dark
  C) Colored
  D) Zero width
  ✅ Answer: A) Bright

  65. Increasing wavelength of light will:
  A) Decrease fringe width
  B) Increase fringe width
  C) Make pattern sharp
  D) Shift pattern to left
  ✅ Answer: B) Increase fringe width

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  📐 66–70: Formula-Based MCQs (Direct from NCERT)

  66. Time period of a simple pendulum is given by:
  A) T = 2π√(g/l)
  B) T = 2π√(l/g)
  C) T = √(2l/g)
  D) T = 2π√(l²/g)
  ✅ Answer: B) T = 2π√(l/g)

  67. Force between two charges is given by:
  A) F = q₁q₂/r
  B) F = kq₁q₂/r²
  C) F = kq₁²/r
  D) F = k/r
  ✅ Answer: B) F = kq₁q₂/r²

  68. Relation between electric field and potential:
  A) E = -dV/dx
  B) E = dV/dx
  C) E = V × d
  D) E = V/d²
  ✅ Answer: A) E = -dV/dx

  69. Lens formula is:
  A) 1/v - 1/u = 1/f
  B) 1/u - 1/v = 1/f
  C) 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
  D) v + u = f
  ✅ Answer: C) 1/f = 1/v - 1/u

  70. Energy of a photon:
  A) E = mc²
  B) E = hν
  C) E = qV
  D) E = mv²
  ✅ Answer: B) E = hν

  
  

  ---

  🧠 71–80: Mixed Concept + Higher-Order MCQs

  71. A wire is stretched to double its length. Its resistance becomes:
  A) Half
  B) Double
  C) Four times
  D) One-fourth
  ✅ Answer: C) Four times
  (R ∝ l² for constant volume)

  72. The half-life of a radioactive substance is 10 minutes. In 30 minutes, the fraction left is:
  A) 1/3
  B) 1/4
  C) 1/8
  D) 1/16
  ✅ Answer: C) 1/8
  (After 3 half-lives: (1/2)³ = 1/8)

  73. The function of a rectifier is to:
  A) Filter AC
  B) Convert DC to AC
  C) Convert AC to DC
  D) Increase voltage
  ✅ Answer: C) Convert AC to DC

  74. A battery of EMF 12 V and internal resistance 1 Ω is connected to a 5 Ω resistor. Current is:
  A) 2 A
  B) 2.4 A
  C) 3 A
  D) 12 A
  ✅ Answer: B) 2 A
  (I = V / (R + r) = 12 / (5+1) = 2 A)

  75. Two waves of the same frequency and amplitude interfere constructively. The resultant amplitude is:
  A) Zero
  B) √2 times original
  C) Double the original
  D) Same as original
  ✅ Answer: C) Double the original

  76. The shape of the graph between kinetic energy of photoelectrons and frequency is:
  A) Linear
  B) Exponential
  C) Parabolic
  D) Circular
  ✅ Answer: A) Linear

  77. The magnetic moment of a current loop is proportional to:
  A) Area of loop
  B) Number of turns
  C) Current
  D) All of the above
  ✅ Answer: D) All of the above

  78. The displacement current is:
  A) Constant current
  B) Due to flow of charges
  C) Due to changing electric field
  D) Irrelevant to magnetism
  ✅ Answer: C) Due to changing electric field

  79. A p-n junction conducts in forward bias because:
  A) Potential barrier increases
  B) Depletion layer widens
  C) Depletion layer narrows
  D) No charge flows
  ✅ Answer: C) Depletion layer narrows

  80. Which among the following EM waves has the highest penetrating power?
  A) UV
  B) Infrared
  C) X-rays
  D) Gamma rays
  ✅ Answer: D) Gamma rays

  ---

  🔍 81–90: Match the Following & Diagram-Based MCQs

  81. Match the physical quantity with its SI unit:

  Quantity	SI Unit
  (A) Capacitance	(P) Farad
  (B) Resistance	(Q) Ohm
  (C) Magnetic Field	(R) Tesla
  (D) Potential	(S) Volt

  A) A–P, B–Q, C–R, D–S ✅

  82. Which diagram best represents the magnetic field lines around a straight current-carrying conductor?
  A) Radial lines
  B) Concentric circles
  C) Straight lines
  D) Elliptical paths
  ✅ Answer: B) Concentric circles

  83. In a logic gate circuit, the output of an OR gate is high when:
  A) Only one input is high
  B) Both inputs are low
  C) All inputs are high
  D) At least one input is high
  ✅ Answer: D) At least one input is high

  84. Which ray diagram correctly represents image formation in a convex mirror?
  ✅ Answer: Always virtual, erect, and diminished

  85. On an energy level diagram of hydrogen atom, the transition from n = 3 to n = 1 emits:
  A) Lyman series
  B) Balmer series
  C) Paschen series
  D) Brackett series
  ✅ Answer: A) Lyman series

  86. The deflection in a galvanometer depends on:
  A) Length of wire
  B) Resistance in circuit
  C) Current through coil
  D) Charge on plates
  ✅ Answer: C) Current through coil

  87. In optical fibers, light travels by:
  A) Total internal reflection
  B) Diffraction
  C) Refraction
  D) Dispersion
  ✅ Answer: A) Total internal reflection

  88. Which component is used in half-wave rectifier?
  A) Zener diode
  B) P-N junction diode
  C) Transistor
  D) LED
  ✅ Answer: B) P-N junction diode

  89. In a full-wave rectifier, output frequency is:
  A) Same as input
  B) Double the input frequency
  C) Half the input frequency
  D) Zero
  ✅ Answer: B) Double the input frequency

  90. The device used to detect radiation is:
  A) Sonometer
  B) Barometer
  C) Geiger-Muller tube
  D) Vernier caliper
  ✅ Answer: C) Geiger-Muller tube

  ---

  🧾 91–100: Mixed Competitive Exam Style MCQs

  91. Which particle has no charge and no mass?
  A) Photon
  B) Neutron
  C) Electron
  D) Proton
  ✅ Answer: A) Photon

  92. When current flows in a wire, the electrons move:
  A) Very fast
  B) At speed of light
  C) Slowly in the direction of current
  D) Slowly opposite to the direction of current
  ✅ Answer: D) Slowly opposite to the direction of current

  93. SI unit of electric flux is:
  A) V
  B) Nm²C⁻¹
  C) V/m
  D) Nm²
  ✅ Answer: B) Nm²C⁻¹

  94. Which physical quantity remains conserved in all types of collisions?
  A) Energy
  B) Kinetic energy
  C) Momentum
  D) Power
  ✅ Answer: C) Momentum

  95. Transformer works on the principle of:
  A) Electrostatics
  B) Mutual inductance
  C) Self-inductance
  D) Capacitance
  ✅ Answer: B) Mutual inductance

  96. Which law gives direction of induced current?
  A) Faraday’s Law
  B) Lenz’s Law
  C) Gauss’s Law
  D) Ampere’s Law
  ✅ Answer: B) Lenz’s Law

  97. The phase difference between voltage and current in a pure capacitor is:
  A) 0
  B) π
  C) π/2 lead
  D) π/2 lag
  ✅ Answer: C) π/2 lead

  98. The magnetic field at the center of a circular loop is directly proportional to:
  A) Radius
  B) Square of radius
  C) Inverse of radius
  D) Constant
  ✅ Answer: C) Inverse of radius

  99. Which device stores electrical energy?
  A) Diode
  B) Capacitor
  C) Inductor
  D) Resistor
  ✅ Answer: B) Capacitor

  100. X-rays were discovered by:
  A) Bohr
  B) Rutherford
  C) Röntgen
  D) Becquerel
  ✅ Answer: C) Röntgen

  
  

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